A single-tank water softener operates through a process called ion exchange to remove hardness minerals like calcium and magnesium from the water supply. Inside the pressure vessel, hard water flows downward through a bed of negatively charged resin beads, which attract and trap the positively charged mineral ions, replacing them with harmless sodium or potassium ions. Over time, as the resin becomes saturated with these minerals, the system initiates a regeneration cycle managed by the electronic control valve. During this phase, a brine solution from an adjacent salt tank is drawn into the cylinder to flush out the accumulated hardness ions and replenish the resin beads, ensuring a continuous supply of softened water throughout the property.
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