A water softener works through a process called ion exchange, which eliminates the minerals responsible for hard water. As hard water enters the system, it flows through a tank filled with negatively charged resin beads. These beads attract and bind the positively charged calcium and magnesium ions—the primary causes of scale buildup—and replace them with harmless sodium ions. Over time, when the resin beads become saturated with these hardness minerals, the system enters a regeneration cycle. During this phase, a concentrated salt brine solution from an adjacent tank flushes through the resin, stripping away the trapped calcium and magnesium and replenishing the beads with fresh sodium ions, ensuring the system is ready to continue providing soft water throughout the home.
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