A single-tank water softener operates through a process called ion exchange to remove hardness minerals, primarily calcium and magnesium, from the water supply. As raw water enters the mineral tank, it passes through a bed of negatively charged resin beads that attract and trap the positively charged hardness ions. Concurrently, these beads release harmless sodium or potassium ions into the water, effectively softening it before it is distributed throughout the plumbing system. Over time, the resin becomes saturated with hardness minerals and must undergo a regeneration cycle, which is automatically regulated by the digital control valve mounted on top. During this cycle, a brine solution from an adjacent salt storage area flushes the resin bed, stripping away the accumulated minerals and replenishing the beads with sodium ions, thereby restoring the system's capacity for continuous water treatment.
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